Biodiesel (FAME; Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) and renewable diesel (HVO; Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil) are renewable alternatives to fossil-derived diesel fuel. They are produced from an array of renewable feedstocks including rapeseed oil, used cooking oils (UCOs) and animal fats. Although often made from identical feedstocks, the processes used to make FAME and HVO are different, with different end uses.

A further product of the same hydro-processing technology is SAF, often referred to as HEFA-SPK (Hydro-processed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene). SAF is manufactured from the same UCO, animal-fat or vegetable-oil feedstocks, but the process is tuned to yield a paraffinic kerosene that meets the aviation-fuel specification ASTM D7566 (Annex A2).